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A sensor (in this case, a microphone) converts the sound into a continuous voltage signal.There is some sort of physical phenomenon to be measured – in this case, sound (or pressure).The Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) process occurs as follows: Phase measures the time between the peak of one wave and the peak of another, if any.ĭigital Music Files are not stored as continuous analog signals, but as a large number of digital bits able to be read by a computer (in binary 1 or 0). Each 1 or 0 is called a “bit.” 8 bits make up a “byte.” Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)Īnalog sound is converted to a digital file when recording live instruments, or when recording a mix from an analog mixer into your computer. If there are two waves with the same frequency, they may or may not reach their peak at the same time. Phase is the timing of one wave relative to another.
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Pressure is measured with a bunch of different units, and the amount of power required to produce a certain amplitude over an area is measured in Watts (W), but volume is usually measured in decibels (dB), which compares the power of the sound to a power of 0.001 W using a logarithmic scale. The human ear can hear frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz), and each part of your ears’ cochlea responds to a different frequency.Īmplitude is the height of the wave, or the maximum pressure during the cycle. The Fourier Transform – from combined sound into individual wavesįrequency is the duration of each cycle, measured in Hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second. These signals can be decomposed (using something called the Fourier Transform) into a combination of sinusoids (elements of the signal) with different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases. These acoustic waves correspond to continuous, smooth analog electrical signals produced or generated by a speaker or microphone. Sound itself is the propagation of pressure waves through a compressible medium. To start things out, let’s talk about the difference between the analog sound coming out of speakers, and the digital music files in your computer: Analog Sound
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This two-part article series was crafted by guest contributor Ryan Mann, an Energy Engineering student at UC Berkeley.
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At the end of it, we hope you’ll understand a bit better what’s going on “under the hood” of your DJ hardware! This first part covers how analog sound becomes digital audio – and what sample and bit rates really are. In this two-part series, we get a little nerdy and offer an introduction to basic audio electrical engineering for DJs. Many DJs know all about different types of music, but it’s not too uncommon to find DJs who know absolutely nothing about how sound actually works.